Adult scalloped hammerheads sphyrna lewini remain during the day in large polarized schools along dropoffs into deep water in the gulf of cali fornia. The complement system of elasmobranches revealed by liver. Hammerhead sharks are large carnivorous fish that prey on large fish and occasionally hammerhead sharks will hunt small water mammals. Ontogenetic migration of a female scalloped hammerhead. Sphyrna is one of the two genera in the hammerhead shark group, and is the largest genera out of the two, with eight members in it. First record of the smooth hammerhead shark sphyrna zygaena. Age and growth of the smooth hammerhead shark, sphyrna. Status in world register of marine species accepted name. A taxonomic genus within the family sphyrnidae sphyrna the hammerhead sharks. Distribution map of the smooth hammerhead shark sphyrna zygaena. Members in the sphyrna group measure in size from the scoophead, which is 100 centimeters 1 meter long, to the great hammerhead shark, which is 610 centimeters 6.
A quick guide to identifying hammerhead sharks in nsw. The capture and transport of scalloped hammerhead sharks sphyrna lewini. Pdf the smooth hammerhead shark sphyrna zygaena sphyrnidae is regularly. Pdf the smooth hammerhead sphyrna zygaena is the third most captured shark species in. With the help of over 7,000 of the worlds best wildlife filmmakers and photographers, conservationists and scientists, featured multimedia factfiles for more than 16,000 endangered species. Sphyrna zygaena linnaeus, 1758 scientific synonyms and common names sphyrna zygaena linnaeus, 1758 squalus zygaena linnaeus, 1758, syst. The following file is a searchable version of part 1 scientific name, occurre nce, and accepted common name from the 7th edition 20 of. The smooth hammerhead shark, sphyrna zygaena, is a cosmopolitan semipelagic shark. This file is licensed under the creative commons attributionshare alike 3.
The word sphyrna is a greek word meaning hammer, which refers to the shape of the sharks head. Size at first maturity was determined for females and males of smooth hammerhead shark, sphyrna zygaena captured in the gulf of california during 19952000. Trophic ecology of the smooth hammerhead shark sphyrna zygaena off the coast of northern peru. Feeding habits and trophic level of the smooth hammerhead shark.
The work is fully indexed and there is ample reference to pertinent literature. Samples of carcharhinus falciformis and sphyrna zygaena were collected during august to december of 2014 from the fishing camp, located at the punta lobos beach of todos santos bay in the state of baja california sur, mexican pacific ocean. A smooth hammerhead shark sphyrna zygaena was found in saint peter. The complement system of elasmobranches revealed by liver transcriptome analysis of a hammerhead shark, sphyrna zygaena. Sphyrna zygaena published on jun 21, 2010 328 330 20 10 35 995 20 10 35 995 6 11 4 anconcito 167 1 219 29 7 8 45 196 54 5 775 1. Coastal, pelagic, and semioceanic, but often bottom associated at 19 m ref. Ninety four scalloped hammerhead sharks, sphyrna lewini 53 females and 41 males ranging in size from 121 to 321 cm total length tl, were collected from surface gillnetters operating off northeastern brazil and throughout the southwestern equatorial atlantic ocean between january and december 1996. Smooth hammerhead shark sphyrna zygaena linnaeus, 1758 kingdom animalia phylum chordata class chondrichthyes order carcharhiniformes family sphyrnidae genus sphyrna. Griffith and smith, 1834 historically has represented a difficult, expensive, and. Out of the nine species of hammerhead sharks three are dangerous to humans. Despite its worldwide distribution and vulnerable status, knowledge on the biology and ecology of the smooth hammerhead sphyrna zygaena in the temperate ne atlantic is very scarce. This family belongs to the order carcharhiniformes and has two genera.
This hammer on its head is also known as the cephalofoil. Xray computed tomography library of shark anatomy and. The hammerhead sharks are a group of sharks which make up the family sphyrnidae. The larger hammerheads that are sometimes reported probably are not this species, but the great hammerhead sphyrna mokarran, p. An zygaena in nahilalakip ha familia nga zygaenidae. A mature female smooth hammerhead shark,\ud sphyma zygael1a linnaeus, 2. Zygaena f a taxonomic genus within the family zygaenidae the burnet moths. Head broadly arched and hammershaped, lacking indentation at midline smooth pelvic fins with straight to slightly concave rear margins.
The smooth hammerhead sphyrna zygaena is a species of hammerhead shark, and part of the family sphyrnidae. This file does not include the following sections from the printed version of the book. Sphyrna zygaena synonyms, sphyrna zygaena pronunciation, sphyrna zygaena translation, english dictionary definition of sphyrna zygaena. Abstract the smooth hammerhead shark sphyrna zygaena sphyrnidae is regularly caught as bycatch in. Squalus malleus shaw and nodder, 1796 squalus cestrorhinus caroliniensis blainville, 1816 nomen nudum squalus cestrorhinus pictus blainville, 1816 nomen. The smooth hammerhead is widespread in temperate and tropical waters, and is distinguished from other hammerhead sharks by the single notch in. Sphyrna media, sphyrna mokarran, sphyrna tiburo, sphyrna tudes, sphyrna lewini, s. The smooth hammerhead sphyrna zygaena is a species of hammerhead shark, and part of. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the food and agriculture organization of the united nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The smooth hammerhead shark, sphyrna zygaena, is a. Currently, the genus sphyrna is composed by nine species, with six of them occurring in brazilian waters. The great hammerhead shark is the largest species of hammerhead in the world.
Common and scientific names of fishes from the united states, canada, and mexico. Color deep olive to brownishgray above, shading to white below. On a smooth hammerhead shark, sphyrna zygaena linnaeus. Sphyrna zygaena was thus confirmed to be a teutophagous species. Age and growth of the smooth hammerhead shark, sphyrna zygaena, in the eastern equatorial atlantic ocean, using vertebral sections article pdf available in aquatic living resources 2404. Hammerhead sharks are appropriately named after their flat shaped heads. Measurements of the sizes of juveniles caught in nets close to shore and those swimming in schools at seamounts and islands in the southwestern gulf of california, mexico indicate that at least part of the population undergoes a migration during their life cycle at a. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in. The smooth hammerhead is widespread in temperate and tropical waters, and is distinguished from other hammerhead sharks by the single notch in the centre of its hammershaped head. The 68 tissue samples of muscle and liver of shark species included 10 males and 10 females of c.
Download pdf 1 mb abstract a mature female smooth hammerhead shark,\ud sphyma zygael1a linnaeus, 2. Of the nine species of the hammerhead sharks, the winghead shark is in the genus eusphyra, and the other eight are in. Pdf first record of the smooth hammerhead shark sphyrna. The electrosensorial pore system of the cephalofoil in the four most. Prefers to feed on small sharks, skates and stingrays, but also preys on bony fishes, shrimps, crabs. Click on an image to have it open full size in a new window. Pdf a smooth hammerhead shark sphyrna zygaena was found in saint peter and saint paul archipelago in may 2015. Media in category sphyrna the following 5 files are in this category, out of 5 total.
A common regression for tl and eviscerated weight ew was calculated as, log ew. Tremewan 2010 a revised checklist of the genus zygaena fabricius, 1775 lepidoptera. This species is named smooth hammerhead because of the distinctive shape of the head, which is flattened and laterally extended into a hammer shape called the cephalofoil, without an indentation in the middle of the front margin hence smooth. Smooth hammerhead sharks sphyrna zygaena observed off the. The evolutionary origin of the complement system can be traced back to the common ancestor of eumetazoa multicellular animals excluding the sponges, and the genes for the central component c3, factor b fb which is the serine protease responsible for c3 activation, and masp mannanbinding lectinassociated serine protease possibly involved in fb activation have been identified in a sea. Sphyrna simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The mitochondrial genome of the hammerhead sphyrna zygaena mitochondrial dna, 12 2014 in press pmid. Sphyrna zygaena fished for the hides and vitaminrich liver smooth hammerhead hammerhead shark, hammerhead mediumsized livebearing shark with. We report the first mitogenome sequences of the circumglobally distributed, highly mobile, smooth hammerhead shark, sphyrna zygaena, from the eastern and. An easily recognized large hammerhead with a broad, narrowbladed head, anterior margin of head broadly arched in adults and without a median indentation at any stage, teeth with very broad cusps and smooth to weakly serrated edge, moderately falcate first dorsal fin with free rear tip in front of pelvic origins, low second dorsal fin with weakly concave. The smooth hammerhead, sphyrna zygaena, is listed as vulnerable on the iucn red list of threatened species. Information and translations of sphyrna zygaena in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web.
Sphyrna zigaena, spyrna zygaena, squalis pictus, squalus carolinensis, squalus malleus, squalus zygaena, zygaena subarcuata, zygaena vulgaris citation. Pronunciation of sphyrna zygaena with 2 audio pronunciations, 3 synonyms, 1 meaning and more for sphyrna zygaena. Xray computed tomography library of shark anatomy and lower jaw surface models. First record of sphyrna zygaena in equatorial atlantic 481. The smooth hammerhead, sphyrna zygaena linnaeus 1758, is part of a unique family of the class chondrichthyes cartilaginous fishes called sphyrnidae, comprised of the bonnethead, hammerhead, and scoophead sharks across 2 genera eusphyra and sphyrna and 8 species compagno 1999. Xray computed tomography library of shark anatomy and lower. Hammerhead shark simple english wikipedia, the free. A comparison of atlantic and pacific specimens of the hammerhead shark, sphyrna zygaena volume 34, page 63 notes on cistudo carolina from orient, long island. Sphyrna species zygaena sequence accession km489157 complete mtdna seq. Description, classification, synonyms, distribution map, bibliography and images of sphyrna zygaena smooth hammerhead. A sketch of the smooth hammerhead from compagno 1984.
Author links open overlay panel masayuki goshima a reo sekiguchi b misao matsushita a masaru nonaka b. The smooth hammerhead shark, sphyrna zygaena, occurs in warm. Diel movement patterns of the scalloped hammerhead. Maryland biodiversity project smooth hammerhead shark. Pdf age and growth of the smooth hammerhead shark, sphyrna. The fisheries scientific committee, established under part 7a of the fisheries management act 1994 the act, has made a final determination to not list the smooth hammerhead shark, sphyrna zygaena as a vulnerable species in part 1 of schedule 5 of the act. Pdf size at maturity of the smooth hammerhead shark. Pdf trophic ecology of the smooth hammerhead shark sphyrna. Sphyrna zygaena definition of sphyrna zygaena by the. Pdf the smooth hammerhead sphyrna zygaena is the third most captured shark species in peru, a nation with one of the largest shark. Picture 1 of 5 hammerhead shark sphyrna zygaena pictures. Sphyrna zygaena fossil mouse over a fossil for a slightly enlarged view of the specimen and to show collector info.
A photograph of the vsc in sphyrna zygaena, showing the clusters of electrosensorial pores a and scheme of. Multiple alignment of s protein amino acid sequences. Little information exists on the vertical and horizontal movements of juvenile scalloped hammerhead sharks sphyrna lewini. Complete mitogenome sequences of smooth hammerhead sharks. Sphyrna zygaena definition of sphyrna zygaena by the free.